Pomeranians are lively and adorable and are loved by many people. But a large number of Pomeranians suffer from one or more inherited diseases, and the incidence is high enough that many owners wonder why so many of them seem to have heart problems. Below are several common hereditary issues in the breed.
Pomeranians Are Prone to Fractures
Pomeranians not only have small bodies, but also very fragile bones. Their front legs are especially easy to fracture. The hind legs are somewhat better, but kneecap dislocation is also common. The older the Pomeranian becomes, the more likely fractures or dislocations are to occur. Preventive care includes providing enough calcium in the daily diet and avoiding overly intense exercise.
Eye Diseases
Large, bright eyes are one of the breed's trademarks, but they are also prone to problems. Because circulation in the eyes is not ideal, Pomeranians older than about four years may develop cataracts or progressive retinal atrophy. Prevention focuses on a light diet and regular physical examinations.
Heart Problems
Many people ask why so many Pomeranians seem to have heart disease. This too is related to inherited tendencies. Female Pomeranians in particular are more likely to suffer from patent ductus arteriosus. In that condition, blood that should flow normally between the aorta and pulmonary artery may instead pass through an abnormal vessel, leading to mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood and eventually causing cardiovascular problems. If this condition persists for a long time, it can progress into heart disease.
Respiratory Disease
Respiratory disease is especially common in older Pomeranians. As the dog enters middle and old age, tracheal collapse may appear, often bringing coughing with it. The proportion is very high. If a middle-aged or elderly Pomeranian begins coughing and it is clear the dog does not simply have a cold, the owner should take it to a veterinary hospital as soon as possible.
All four of these inherited diseases have relatively high incidence in the breed, and a single Pomeranian may suffer from several of them at the same time. That is why many elderly Pomeranians live with considerable discomfort. At present there is no miracle cure for hereditary disease, so the best approach is early prevention, early detection, timely treatment, and doing everything possible to reduce the dog's suffering.