German Shepherds are excellent guard dogs. They are medium to large in size, highly intelligent, and easy to train. However, after many years of selective breeding, hereditary disease has become a growing issue in the breed. Many purebred German Shepherds develop problems involving the digestive system, bones, and joints, which can seriously affect the quality of life of both the dog and the owner.
Inherited digestive diseases in German Shepherds
Although German Shepherds look tall, powerful, and strong, their digestive system can be surprisingly fragile. Owners who have raised this breed often remember how sensitive its stomach can be. Several inherited digestive problems are seen in the breed. One is pancreatic acinar atrophy, in which pancreatic function gradually declines and treatment can be very expensive. Another is esophageal abnormality, where the esophagus cannot expand or move normally. Dogs with this problem are prone to malnutrition and may also inhale refluxed material into the lungs, leading to pneumonia.
Hip dysplasia in German Shepherds
Hip dysplasia can occur in many large breeds, but the incidence is especially high in German Shepherds. Some reports suggest that the chance of hip dysplasia in this breed may be around 30 percent. A dog affected by hip dysplasia may have weaker running and jumping ability, may sway its hips while walking, and may show intermittent lameness. If treatment is delayed, the hind legs and hip muscles may continue to waste away, and severe cases can even lead to paralysis.
Hemophilia in German Shepherds
Yes, German Shepherds can also suffer from hemophilia. Hemophilia is an inherited defect that causes abnormal blood clotting. Affected dogs may bleed frequently, have difficulty stopping bleeding after injury, and may even experience spontaneous bleeding without obvious trauma. German Shepherds with hemophilia usually do not have a long life expectancy.
Among large breeds, the hereditary disease burden in German Shepherds is relatively serious, especially in show line dogs. Because appearance is often emphasized so strongly, hip dysplasia can become especially severe, sometimes making even normal walking difficult. For anyone who wants to raise a German Shepherd, it is wise not to focus too heavily on appearance. Health is far more important.